{"id":425,"date":"2020-10-24T20:01:05","date_gmt":"2020-10-24T18:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hentati.org\/?p=425"},"modified":"2021-02-12T15:53:17","modified_gmt":"2021-02-12T14:53:17","slug":"linux-in-5-minutes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/2020\/10\/24\/linux-in-5-minutes\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux in 5 minutes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux in 5 minutes, I have made this resume to make Linux more easy to learn and apply,<\/span><\/p>\n

I hope you find it helpfull !<\/span><\/p>\n

Chapters:<\/span><\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. Hardware Information<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Searching<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. File Commands<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Directory Navigation<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. File Compression<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  6. File Transfer<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Users<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Package Installation<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  9. Process Related<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  10. System Information<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  11. Disk Usage<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  12. SSH Login<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  13. File Permission<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  14. Network<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  15. Linux Keyboard Shortcuts<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1. Hardware Information<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

    Show\u00a0bootup messages<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

    dmesg<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See\u00a0CPU information<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cat \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display\u00a0free and used memory<\/strong>\u00a0with:<\/span><\/p>\n
    free -h<\/span><\/pre>\n
    List\u00a0hardware configuration<\/strong>\u00a0information:<\/span><\/p>\n
    lshw<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See information about\u00a0block devices<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    lsblk<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0PCI devices<\/strong>\u00a0in a tree-like diagram:<\/span><\/p>\n
    lspci -tv<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display\u00a0USB devices<\/strong>\u00a0in a tree-like diagram:<\/span><\/p>\n
    lsusb -tv<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0hardware information<\/strong>\u00a0from the BIOS:<\/span><\/p>\n
    dmidecode<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display\u00a0disk data<\/strong>\u00a0information:<\/span><\/p>\n
    hdparm -i \/dev\/disk<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Conduct a\u00a0read-speed test<\/strong>\u00a0on device\/disk:<\/span><\/p>\n
    hdparm -tT \/dev\/[device]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Test for\u00a0unreadable blocks<\/strong>\u00a0on device\/disk:<\/span><\/p>\n
    badblocks -s \/dev\/[device]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    2. Searching<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Search for a specific pattern\u00a0in a file with:<\/span><\/p>\n
    grep [pattern] [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Recursively search for a pattern<\/strong>\u00a0in a directory:<\/span><\/p>\n
    grep -r [pattern] [directory_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Find all\u00a0files and directories related to a particular name<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    locate [name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    List names that\u00a0begin with a specified character<\/strong>\u00a0[a]<\/strong>\u00a0in a specified location\u00a0[\/folder\/location]<\/strong>\u00a0by using the\u00a0find<\/strong>\u00a0command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    find [\/folder\/location] -name [a]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See\u00a0files larger than a specified size<\/strong>\u00a0[+100M]<\/strong>\u00a0in a folder:<\/span><\/p>\n
    find [\/folder\/location] -size [+100M]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    3. File Commands<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    List files<\/strong>\u00a0in the directory:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ls<\/span><\/pre>\n
    List all files<\/strong>\u00a0(shows hidden files):<\/span><\/p>\n
    ls -a<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show directory<\/strong>\u00a0you are currently working in:<\/span><\/p>\n
    pwd<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Create a new directory:<\/span><\/p>\n
    mkdir [directory]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Remove a file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    rm [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Remove a directory<\/strong>\u00a0recursively:<\/span><\/p>\n
    rm -r [directory_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Recursively remove a directory<\/strong>\u00a0without requiring confirmation:<\/span><\/p>\n
    rm -rf [directory_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Copy the contents of one file\u00a0to another file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cp [file_name1] [file_name2]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Recursively copy the contents of one file<\/strong>\u00a0to a second file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cp -r [directory_name1] [directory_name2]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Rename<\/strong>\u00a0[file_name1]<\/strong>\u00a0to\u00a0[file_name2]<\/strong>\u00a0with the command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    mv [file_name1] [file_name2]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Create a symbolic link\u00a0to a file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ln -s \/path\/to\/[file_name] [link_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Create a\u00a0new file<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    touch [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show the contents<\/strong>\u00a0of a file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    more [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    or use the\u00a0cat<\/strong>\u00a0command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cat [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Append file contents to another file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cat [file_name1] >> [file_name2]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display the\u00a0first 10 lines<\/strong>\u00a0of a file with:<\/span><\/p>\n
    head [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show the\u00a0last 10 lines<\/strong>\u00a0of a file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    tail [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Encrypt<\/strong>\u00a0a file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    gpg -c [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Decrypt<\/strong>\u00a0a file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    gpg [file_name.gpg]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show the\u00a0number of words, lines, and bytes<\/strong>\u00a0in a file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    wc<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    4. Directory Navigation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Move\u00a0up one level<\/strong>\u00a0in the directory tree structure:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cd ..<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Change\u00a0directory to<\/strong>\u00a0$HOME<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cd<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Change location<\/strong>\u00a0to a specified directory:<\/span><\/p>\n
    cd \/chosen\/directory<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    5. File Compression<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Archive an existing file<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    tar cf [compressed_file.tar] [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Extract an archived file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    tar xf [compressed_file.tar]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Create a\u00a0gzip compressed tar file<\/strong>\u00a0by running:<\/span><\/p>\n
    tar czf [compressed_file.tar.gz]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Compress<\/strong>\u00a0a file with the\u00a0.gz<\/strong>\u00a0extension:<\/span><\/p>\n
    gzip [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    6. File Transfer<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Copy a file to a server\u00a0directory securely:<\/span><\/p>\n
    scp [file_name.txt] [server\/tmp]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Synchronize<\/strong>\u00a0the contents of a directory\u00a0with a backup directory<\/strong>\u00a0using the\u00a0rsync command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    rsync -a [\/your\/directory] [\/backup\/]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    7. Users<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    See details about the\u00a0active users<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    id<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0last system logins<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    last<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display who is\u00a0currently logged into the system<\/strong>\u00a0with the command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    who<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show which users are\u00a0logged in<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0their activity<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    w<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Add a new group<\/strong>\u00a0by typing:<\/span><\/p>\n
    groupadd [group_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Add a\u00a0new user<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    adduser [user_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Add a\u00a0user to a group<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    usermod -aG [group_name] [user_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Temporarily\u00a0elevate user privileges<\/strong>\u00a0to superuser or root using the\u00a0sudo command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    sudo [command_to_be_executed_as_superuser]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Delete<\/strong>\u00a0a user:<\/span><\/p>\n
    userdel [user_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Modify<\/strong>\u00a0user information with:<\/span><\/p>\n
    usermod<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    8. Package Installation<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    List all installed packages with\u00a0yum<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    yum list installed<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Find a package by a\u00a0related keyword<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    yum search [keyword]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0package information and summary<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    yum info [package_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Install a package using the\u00a0YUM package manager<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    yum install [package_name.rpm]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Install a package using the\u00a0DNF package manager<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    dnf install [package_name.rpm]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Install a package\u00a0using the\u00a0APT package manager<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    apt-get install [package_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Install<\/strong>\u00a0an\u00a0.rpm<\/strong>\u00a0package from a local file:<\/span><\/p>\n
    rpm -i\u00a0 [package_name.rpm]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Remove<\/strong>\u00a0an\u00a0.rpm<\/strong>\u00a0package:<\/span><\/p>\n
    rpm -e [package_name.rpm]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Install software from\u00a0source code<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    tar zxvf [source_code.tar.gz]<\/span>\r\n\r\ncd [source_code]<\/span>\r\n\r\n.\/configure<\/span>\r\n\r\nmake<\/span>\r\n\r\nmake install<\/span><\/pre>\n
    \u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n
    9. Process Related<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    See a\u00a0snapshot of active processes<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ps<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0processes in a tree-like diagram<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    pstree<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display a\u00a0memory usage map<\/strong>\u00a0of processes:<\/span><\/p>\n
    pmap<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See\u00a0all running processes<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    top<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Terminate a Linux process\u00a0under a\u00a0given ID<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    kill [process_id]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Terminate a process under a\u00a0specific name<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    pkill [proc_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Terminate all processes\u00a0labelled<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cproc\u201d<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    killall [proc_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    List and resume stopped jobs<\/strong>\u00a0in the background:<\/span><\/p>\n
    bg<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Bring the most\u00a0recently suspended job to the<\/strong>\u00a0foreground<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    fg<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Bring a\u00a0particular job to the<\/strong>\u00a0foreground<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    fg [job]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    List\u00a0files opened by running processes<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    lsof<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    10. System Information<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Show\u00a0system information<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    uname -r<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See\u00a0kernel release information:<\/span><\/p>\n
    uname -a<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display\u00a0how long the system has been running<\/strong>, including load average:<\/span><\/p>\n
    uptime<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See system\u00a0hostname<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    hostname<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show the\u00a0IP address<\/strong>\u00a0of the system:<\/span><\/p>\n
    hostname -i<\/span><\/pre>\n
    List system\u00a0reboot history<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    last reboot<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See current\u00a0time and date<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    date<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Query and\u00a0change the system clock<\/strong>\u00a0with:<\/span><\/p>\n
    timedatectl<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show current\u00a0calendar<\/strong>\u00a0(month and day):<\/span><\/p>\n
    cal<\/span><\/pre>\n
    List\u00a0logged in users<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    w<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See which\u00a0user you are using<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    whoami<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0information about a particular user<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    finger [username]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    11. Disk Usage<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    You can use the df and du commands to\u00a0check disk space in Linux.<\/span><\/p>\n
    See\u00a0free and used space<\/strong>\u00a0on mounted systems:<\/span><\/p>\n
    df -h<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0free inodes<\/strong>\u00a0on mounted filesystems:<\/span><\/p>\n
    df -i<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display\u00a0disk partitions, sizes, and types<\/strong>\u00a0with the command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    fdisk -l<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See\u00a0disk usage<\/strong>\u00a0for all files and directory:<\/span><\/p>\n
    du -ah<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0disk usage of the directory<\/strong>\u00a0you are currently in:<\/span><\/p>\n
    du -sh<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display\u00a0target mount point<\/strong>\u00a0for all filesystem:<\/span><\/p>\n
    findmnt<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Mount a device<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    mount [device_path] [mount_point]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    12. SSH Login<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Connect to host<\/strong>\u00a0as user:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ssh user@host<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Securely\u00a0connect to host via SSH<\/strong>\u00a0default port 22:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ssh host<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Connect to host\u00a0using a particular port<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ssh -p [port] user@host<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Connect to host\u00a0via telnet default port 23<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    telnet host<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    13. File Permission<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Chown command in Linux\u00a0changes file and directory ownership.<\/span><\/p>\n
    Assign\u00a0read, write, and execute permission<\/strong>\u00a0to everyone:<\/span><\/p>\n
    chmod 777 [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Give\u00a0read, write, and execute permission to owner<\/strong>, and read and execute permission to group and others<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    chmod 755 [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Assign\u00a0full permission to owner<\/strong>, and\u00a0read and write permission to group and others<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    chmod 766 [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Change the\u00a0ownership of a file<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    chown [user] [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Change the\u00a0owner and group ownership of a file<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    chown [user]:[group] [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    14. Network<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    List IP addresses\u00a0and\u00a0network interfaces<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ip addr show<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Assign an\u00a0IP address to interface eth0<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ip address add [IP_address]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display\u00a0IP addresses of all network interfaces<\/strong>\u00a0with:<\/span><\/p>\n
    ifconfig<\/span><\/pre>\n
    See\u00a0active (listening) ports<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    netstat -pnltu<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0tcp<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0udp<\/strong>\u00a0ports<\/strong>\u00a0and their programs:<\/span><\/p>\n
    netstat -nutlp<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Display more\u00a0information about a domain<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    whois [domain]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show\u00a0DNS information\u00a0<\/strong>about a domain using the\u00a0dig command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    dig [domain]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Do a\u00a0reverse lookup<\/strong>\u00a0on domain<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    dig -x host<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Do\u00a0reverse lookup of an IP address<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    dig -x [ip_address]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Perform an\u00a0IP lookup for a domain<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    host [domain]<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Show the\u00a0local IP address<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    hostname -I<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Download a file<\/strong>\u00a0from a domain using the\u00a0wget<\/strong>\u00a0command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    wget [file_name]<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
    15. Linux Keyboard Shortcuts<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
    Kill process<\/strong>\u00a0running in the terminal:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + C<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Stop\u00a0current process<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + Z<\/span><\/pre>\n
    The process can be\u00a0resumed<\/strong>\u00a0in the\u00a0foreground<\/strong>\u00a0with\u00a0fg<\/strong>\u00a0or in the\u00a0background<\/strong>\u00a0with\u00a0bg<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n
    Cut\u00a0one word before the cursor<\/strong>\u00a0and add it to clipboard:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + W<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Cut\u00a0part of the line before the cursor<\/strong>\u00a0and add it to clipboard:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + U<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Cut\u00a0part of the line after the cursor<\/strong>\u00a0and add it to clipboard:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + K<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Paste<\/strong>\u00a0from clipboard:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + Y<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Recall last command<\/strong>\u00a0that matches the provided characters:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + R<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Run<\/strong>\u00a0the previously recalled command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + O<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Exit command history<\/strong>\u00a0without running a command:<\/span><\/p>\n
    Ctrl + G<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Run the last command<\/strong>\u00a0again:<\/span><\/p>\n
    !!<\/span><\/pre>\n
    Log out<\/strong>\u00a0of current session:<\/span><\/p>\n
    exit<\/span><\/pre>\n
     <\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Linux in 5 minutes, I have made this resume to make Linux more easy to learn and apply, I hope you find it helpfull ! Chapters: Hardware Information Searching File …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":435,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/425"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=425"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/425\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":868,"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/425\/revisions\/868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hentati.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}